Optical modules are compact devices that convert electrical signals into optical signals and vice versa. They are used in fiber optic communication systems to transmit data over long distances with minimal loss and interference. Operating at the physical layer of the OSI model, optical modules are core devices in optical. The optical module is one of the core devices of the optical communication system, and its development has a vital impact on its related industrial chain, from the upstream industry chip substrate, PCB to the downstream telecom market and data communication market, and the field of lidar driverless. The optical module serves as a crucial component in optical fiber communication systems, operating at the physical layer, which is the lowest layer in the OSI model. These modules typically consist of a transmitter, which converts electrical signals into a light signal, and a receiver, which converts the received signal back. How do factories manufacture chip-based optical modules? The production of optical modules in a factory is a complex process that integrates semiconductor chips, optoelectronic components, and precision assembly to create high-speed, reliable devices for telecom networks, data centers, and AI.