Featuring modular optical port designs, optical switches allow network managers to mix and match different optic types (multimode/single-mode) and speeds (e., 10G/25G SFP28 or 40G/100G QSFP28) based on immediate needs and future upgrades, protecting infrastructure investments. Pluggable optical transceiver modules are essential components in data communication systems, widely used as optical interconnects at the termination of fiber optic links. In a data center network, the performance and bandwidth of the switch chip is a very important factors, and the performance and bandwidth of the switch chip depend on its internal SerDes circuitry, which is a kind of circuitry that converts serial data to parallel data or parallel data to serial. High-Speed Interconnects: Backend network requires high speed 100G/200G or 800G optics to connect servers and network switches. These high bandwidth connections are essential for handling the data generated by AI workloads Switch ports deployed in the front-end connectivity with Ethernet to grow. Co-Packaged Optics (CPO) is an optoelectronic co-packaging technology that integrates an optical module (responsible for optical signal transmission and reception) and a switch ASIC (responsible for electrical signal processing) into the same physical package. CPO incorporates a wide range of expertise in fiber optics, digital signal processing (DSP), ASICs, and.